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KMID : 0360419650010010017
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Korean Journal of Pharmacology
1965 Volume.1 No. 1 p.17 ~ p.36
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The influence of ginseng, reserpine, and chlorpromazine on epinephrine-induced and morphine induced hyperglycemiae
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Abstract
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Besides it´s all important analgesic action, morphine has, among others, hyperglycemic effect, though not important clinically, which is believed to be resulted from augmented glycogenolysis in the liver and muscles due to the increased liberation of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla upon the stimulation of the posterior part of hypothalamus.
It is known that adrenergic blocking agents are acting inhibitory to this sort of hyperglycemia. Much, however, should as yet be studied for the drugs which affect central nervous system and release of endogenous catecholamine as far as their effects on hyperglycemia are concerned. Much is still not known about the effect of ginseng, which has been highly regarded in the Herb Medicine, as far as it´s influence on the blood sugar is concerned.
Author investigated the effects of chlorpromazine, reserpine and ginseng on epinephrine induced, and morphine-induced hyperglycemiae.
Animals used in this experiment were healthy albino rabbits weighing approximately 2.0 kg of body weight and were all fasted for 24 hours, before the experiment undertaken. Blood sugar determination was carried out by Nelson-Somogy method.
Results obtained are summarized as follows;
1. The groups of rabbits administered intravenously with epinephrine 0.02 mg/kg, and 0.05 mg/kg, showed marked and transient hyperglycemia within 15 minutes after injection. The maximal rate of elevation in blood sugar to the control level, were 28% and 57% respectively. The blood sugar returned to the control level within 3 hours. Thus, the hyperglycemic responses were paralleled with epinephrine doses.
2. The hyperglycemic responses by morphine were different according to the doses. The groups of rabbits in which 4 mg/kg of morphine was ?? inistered, did not show any hyperglycemic effect, but in which 10 mg/kg of morphine administered showed severe hyperglycemic effect, resulting in the maximal level within 2hours after injection. The maximal rate of increasing in blood sugar level was 88%. Compared with epinephrine-injected groups, morphine-injected groups showed more persistent hyperglycemic effect, but returned to control blood sugar level in 6 hours after injection.
3. The intravenous injection of chlorpromazine 2 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg evoked a slight, and persistent hyperglycemia. The maximal rate of increasing in blood sugar level were 15% and 23% respectively. These hyperglycemia gradually returned to the normal level in 5 or 6 hours after injection. Thus, the ?? of response was paralleled with the dose of chlorpromazine.
4. The intravenous injection of reserpine 0.2 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, showed the most persistent but ready elevation of blood sugar level in this experimriments, resulting in the maximal level in 5 hours after injection. The maximal rate of increasing of blood sugar level were 18% and 39% respectively.
5. The blood sugar level from 24 hours to ?? hours after intraperitoneal administration of reserpine 1.0 mg/kg, did not show statistically signific difference, compared with control groups.
6. The oral administration of ginseng extract 15 ml/kg did not show any change in blood sugar level.
7. The intravenous administration of epinephrine 0.05 mg/kg or morphine 4 mg/kg to the group pretreated with ginseng extract 15 ml/kg 20~30 minutes before the experiment, evoked more marked hyperglycemic effect than the non-pretreated group.
8. The intravenous administration of epinephrine 0.02 mg/kg, morphine 4 mg/kg, or morphine 10 mg/kg to the groups pretreated with reserpine 0.2 mg/kg or 0.5 mg/kg 20~30 minutes before experiment, produced more marked and persistent hyperglycemic effects than the groups injected with single epinephrine or morphine injection.
9. When epinephrine 0.05 mg/kg or morphine 10 mg/kg administered intravenously to the groups pretreated with the intraperitoneal administration of reserpine 1 mg/kg 24 hours before experiment morphine induced hyperglycemia was inhibited, ?? epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia was augmented.
10. When epinephrine 0.05 mg/kg or morphine 10 mg/kg administered intravenously to the groups pretreated with chlorpromazine, 2 mg/kg, 4 mg/kg, and 8 mg/kg 20~30 minutes before the experiment, morphine-induced hyperglycemia was inhibited, but epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia was more persistent.
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